The introduction of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining onto the market became one of the cornerstones of modern industrial production. It single-handedly redefined the capabilities of manufacturing industries around the world, as it enables precise and automatic fabrication processes at unheralded levels of speed and accuracy. This article deconstructs the history of CNC machining innovation, its novel uses, and its impact on manufacturing processes. But more than that, we will look at how CNC is used not only in programming, but also integrated with other technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, and how this paradigm shift enables unprecedented alterations to be made to production and industrial power. Join us in tackling the machine revolution and the CNC machining innovation history all in one go, while simultaneously delving into the much-needed conversation of 21st-century innovations and their profound impact on society.

What is CNC production and how does it work?

CNC production processes, or Computer Numerical Control production processes, involve a method of manufacturing in which the movement of machinery and tools is controlled by a pre-programmed computer. This technology automates tasks that would otherwise require human intervention and enables precision and uniformity. The functionality of a CNC machine relies on a specific program that contains all the commands necessary for its operation, including the cutting, shaping, and assembly of materials using CNC machining. This technology is extensively employed in the production of automobile, aerospace, and electronic components due to its effectiveness and accuracy. To minimize mistakes made by operators and maximize output, CNC production is now an essential process in modern manufacturing.

Understanding computer numerical control technology

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technology relates to Precision programming that involves the automated operation of tools in machining. The interpretation of CAD files results in the accurate creation of parts with great detail and repetition. CNC systems greatly increase productivity while lowering the chances of mistakes, and consistently producing components that are very intricate in design. It is paramount in various sectors of engineering that rely on sophisticated manufacturing techniques. Its core uses include milling, turning, and drilling.

The role of G-code in CNC programming

G-code, short for “Geometric Code,” embodies the primary connection linguistics used by computer-aided design (CAD) software and CNC lathes. It is a universal machine language that tells machines how to perform basic functions such as movement, positioning, speed, feed rate, and even toolpath movement. G-code programs are essentially simple command sequences where the operator CNC machine is told what to do. These instructions comprise commands for linear motion (G01), rapid positioning (G00), circular interpolation (G02 and G03), and some spindle control commands.

G-code application on CNC has seen improvements by leaps and bounds over the years and so has the implementation of CNC G-code. For instance, modern methods of programming G-code enable active waste management through the use of adaptive machining methods which improve cycle time by parameter alterations during machining. Research results from industrial cases suggest that applications with optimized G code can result in a nearly 25% increase in efficiency along with a reduction in error rates.

One of the most important factors that provide G-code its edge is its universal application to different makes of CNC machines which facilitates its use in multi-machine shops. Supporting features coming from other systems are prone to manual errors, so there is no question that G-code has to be generated automatically from CAD/CAM software. It can still be beneficial to understand and customize G-code for manual conversion for complicated and detailed tasks; therefore, higher-skilled operators are needed to control and assure quality during production.

In contemporary precision engineering, G-code remains indispensable by linking the divide between virtual designs and physical products.

From CAD to finished product: The CNC manufacturing process

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) Machining starts from the creation of the  Computer Aided Design (CAD) model. A CAD model can either be in 2D or 3D, and it utilizes software to meet the specifications needed for the design. This model is then brought into Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software where it is analyzed to see what means the production will need. G-code is made, which consists of instructions to be fed into the CNC machine with information on how the machine should move, including the speed of the tool and the commanded paths to be taken.

Today’s CNC machines are very accurate and efficient. Industry statistics show that ‘high-end’ CNC systems are capable of tolerances of up to and including 0.002 mm. Furthermore, multi-axis CNC machines enable the fabrication of complicated geometries in the requisite number of setups, which saves valuable time and money. For example, the 5-axis allows the machine to rotate together with the three linear axes, X, Y, and Z, resulting in efficiently machined complex shapes and undercuts.

The selection of materials is equally important in the CNC process. Some frequently used materials, such as aluminum, Stainless steel, and titanium, are common because of their strength and toughness. Specific Applications also make use of thermoplastic materials, particularly ABS and polycarbonate because of their low weight and cost. Each material has its cutting speeds, feed rates, and tool requirements that have to be set to prevent defects like chips and burning.

Post-machining, the product goes through quality control processes. CAD model checking, scanning, and surface CMM inspection are some ways laser scanning assists in accuracy checking on dimensions, surface finish, and part precision. To maximize the requirements of high precision, assured scalability, and repeatability, CNC manufacturing confidently combines advanced software, sturdy machinery, and proficient operators to provide finished goods for the varying needs of different industries.

What are the different types of CNC machines?

CNC milling machines: Versatility in manufacturing

CNC milling machines are some of the most versatile tools used in modern manufacturing today. CNC milling is a type of machining in which a computer controls the movement of the rotary cutter that is used to remove material from the workpiece. Rotary cutters are able to carve shapes onto the workpiece in 2D or 3D. It does not matter whether the material the workpiece is made of is metal, plastic, or composite; CNC milling machines can do it all. Similarly, these machines are essential for maintaining strict tolerances and complex designs in aerospace, automotive, or even medical device manufacturing.

The efficiency of CNC machining concentrates on the engineering and design improvements of modern days. Many milling components rely on high RPMs, reaching as fast as 40,000. The introduction of these machines has increased productivity immensely. Furthermore, 5-axis CNC mills foster the abilities of CNC machining to new heights. As the name suggests, 5-axis machine tools allow for multi-directional movement of the workpieces from above. With these new capabilities, the need for repositioning the workpiece is removed altogether alongside the increase in production time and errors.

The use of CNC milling machines is on the rise and for a good reason: the rate of adoption is increasing because of how effective these machines are and how well they can be adapted to various tasks. A good example is that CNC machines reduce lead time by 30% compared to conventional techniques. Moreover, the integration with CAD/CAM software enhances the productivity of the system by automating the quality control processes from design to production.

Whether it’s custom prototyping, small-batch production, or large-scale manufacturing—CNC milling machines are unrivaled in performance, which is propelled by features such as automatic tool changers, advanced cooling systems, and real-time monitoring. Their ability to perform all these tasks effectively makes the machines critical in meeting the challenges modern industries face.

CNC lathes: Precision in turning operations

CNC lathes are robust tools that are ideal for industries needing precision turning operations since they can shape cylindrical parts with great precision. CNC lathes automate the turning process, which guarantees uniformity while also lowering the potential for human error. From contouring, and threading, to producing remarkably detailed designs, these machines are exceptionally consistent, versatile, and intricate. They are prevalent in the automotive and aerospace industries, where they engage in custom and detailed complex work as well as high-volume production while ensuring reliability and efficiency in high-demand situations.

CNC routers: Efficiency in woodworking and prototyping

In the woodworking and prototyping industries, CNC routers help produce materials precisely and quickly. They can cut, carve, and engrave different materials including wood, soft metals, and plastics. These machines are widely used to create custom furniture, designs, and prototypes as they are capable of following detailed computer-generated patterns. With the function of automating processes, CNC routers greatly reduce errors while improving productivity, cementing their importance in industries that rely on precision and repeatability.

What are the benefits of using CNC in manufacturing?

Increased precision and accuracy in production

The advancement of CNC, or Computer Numeric Control, has made the manufacturing industry more efficient than ever before. The algorithms that control the CNC Machines allow the machines to carry out complex designs very precisely, with some machines managing an accuracy of ±0.001 inches. As a result, the final product is closer to the desired specifications than ever before. Automation and algorithms help CNC machines drastically reduce the variability that is often associated with manual techniques. The aerospace, automotive, and medical device industries are some that at times do not allow for error. CNC Machines can meet the requirements of these industries as they are designed to operate with high precision even during peak production periods.

Additionally, like laser-guided machines, CNC machines also use advanced motion control technology such as closed-loop systems. These systems incorporate feedback that allows them to continuously check for and correct any real-time errors. Fewer errors result in greater accuracy which ultimately enhances the repeatability of parts produced. Industry data shows that firms that use CNC technology report decreases in material waste ranging from 30%-50% which further enhances the firm’s cost efficiency and increases profit margins. The advancements of machines such as these allow for ease of innovation which helps manufacturers remain competitive.

Improved efficiency and reduced production time

The combination of modern CNC machines and automation processes has greatly enhanced operation productivity as well as shortened the overall time needed for manufacturing. Unlike traditional methods, CNC machines help in maintaining product quality, thanks to their high-speed cutting tools and efficient machining processes. For example, modern CNC systems can remove materials at rpm over 20,000 and simultaneously achieve great surface finishes. Automated tool changers enhance productivity even further by facilitating multi-directional machining so that processes can be continuously executed without interruptions.

As recent reports suggest, adopting these new technologies has helped decrease the required machining time by almost 40%. Additionally, automated workstations allow multiple product components to be addressed simultaneously further streamlining the workflow and greatly reducing operational expenses. The fusion of speed, precision, and automation makes it easy to understand the increasing CNC utilization throughout the manufacturing industry, because of the exceedingly high demands for productivity without sacrificing efficiency and quality.

Cost-effectiveness in large-scale manufacturing

In mass production, profit maximization is dependent almost exclusively on the cost-effectiveness of the projects since operational efficiency and cost reduction are critical. High-efficiency modes of production like CNC machining and automation have helped reduce overhead expenses and material waste substantially. Industry reports suggest that automated production lines can cut down on labor expenditures by 30% while simultaneously increasing production rates by 25-75% depending on how much they are scaled. Also, new IoT and machine learning-powered predictive maintenance approaches seek to get manufacturers to reduce the disruption of operations to as low as 50%, thus guaranteeing a certain level of output without disruption.

Technologies for the optimization of material, CAD, and advanced simulation systems, allow a reduction in material usage and attainment of lower procurement prices which will help support sustainability. Another common practice of larger scale manufacturers, bulk purchasing raw materials, reduces prices through economies of scale which enhances profit margins. All these innovative strategies highlight the primary significance of strategic planning and technology in achieving cost-effectiveness in a highly dynamic and competitive industrial environment.

How do CNC machines impact various industries?

CNC in aerospace: Crafting complex components

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines are essential in the aerospace industry due to their expected level of accuracy and reliability. The CNC machines facilitate the production of extremely sophisticated parts like turbine blades, airframes, and engine components with tolerances of ±.0001 inches. Aerospace materials, such as titanium, aluminum, and composite alloys, are highly advanced and CNC technologies work wonders in accurately shaping them.

The incorporation of CNC machining enables the production of components that are highly sophisticated yet lightweight, which helps improve the fuel economy and operational efficiency of the latest generation aircraft. It has been reported that the CNC machining process can save material costs by as much as 30%, which is a great advantage when working with titanium. To addition, multi-axis CNC systems like 5-axis machines encourage advanced engineering designs; cutting in five planes at the same time is paramount for smooth or asymmetrical structures commonly found in jet engines and spacecrafts.

The need for CNC machines in the aerospace industry is consistently increasing due to the need for precision engineering and automated processes in the industry. Provided strict compliance with industry regulations, AS9100, CNC systems guarantee the manufacturing of components that meet certain quality and safety standards.

CNC in automotive: Streamlining parts production

CNC machining is increasingly used in the automotive industry for the mass production of complex components with higher accuracy and speed. CNC systems are advantageous for producing engine blocks, transmission cases, brake parts, and suspension assemblies since quality and safety depend on the accuracy of these parts.

CNC technology has improved many aspects of production including efficiency and waste management. For instance, modern CNC machines can achieve a tolerance of less than one-thousandth of an inch. This remarkably precise manufacturing attention to detail, low production defect rates, and minimized material waste. In addition, the automation of CNC technology decreases the level of human contact which decreases the time and cost needed to fulfill the ever-increasing volume requirements from automotive parts manufacturers.

According to recent statistics, the global CNC machine market is expected to grow at the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.7% from 2023 to 2030, which is due to the high demand for electric vehicles (EVs) as well as lightweight components. Car producers have started adopting CNC machining for new materials like aluminum alloys, composites, and carbon fiber which are needed for lighter and more fuel-efficient cars. As these materials require high-precision machining, CNC systems are the most reliable and suitable for these tasks.

Moreover, the automotive industry utilizes CNC technology for rapid prototyping which allows engineers to easily make adjustments to various design aspects. This aspect is crucial in fostering innovation, which makes the manufacturers stay ahead of the competition in the dynamic automotive industry. CNC machining always uses CAD/CAM software to efficiently integrate the processes and ensure that the shift from design to manufacturing does not disrupt the workflow productivity and innovation in the industry.

CNC in medical devices: Ensuring precision and quality

In my view, CNC is an integral technology for achieving precision and quality in medical devices. The machines that are situated in the lower level buildings enable the fabrication of highly complex parts like implants and precision surgical instruments which have to pass the very stringent accuracy and reliability requirements. CNC machines also help improve the working with biocompatible materials and keep the tolerances as close as possible. Owing to these reasons, CNC systems have greatly strengthened their positions in modern medical manufacturing processes.

What skills are required to become a CNC machinist?

Essential technical skills for CNC programming

1. Blueprint Reading: The comprehension of blueprints and other technical drawings is vital as it illustrates design specifications and manufacturing needs.
2. Proficiency in Mathematics is mandatory for proper manufacturing of complex CNC parts.: Specific knowledge of math is essential, especially geometry and trigonometry, for defining the tool paths, dimensions, and tolerances of complex shapes.
3. G-Code Programming: Knowledge of G-Code, which is the common language used for programming CNC machines, is very important for the effective operation of the equipment.
4. Machine Operation Knowledge: Knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of CNC machines will greatly enhance the productivity and accuracy of work done on the machines.\
5. Quality Control Techniques: The ability to examine and evaluate the final products using precision measuring instruments makes certain that the required standards and specifications are met.

Understanding machine operation and maintenance

The optimal performance and longevity of CNC equipment is ensured through proper machine operation and maintenance. Operators must routinely inspect machines for wear, clean components where debris can accumulate, and follow manufacturer guidelines for lubrication and part replacements. Scheduled checks of tools and equipment, which are essential for machine operators, maintain the necessary levels of accuracy during operation. Moreover, periodic maintenance helps to reduce interruption time and gives a chance to find some issues before they create problems, thus, saving on repair work and maximizing production effectiveness.

Importance of problem-solving in CNC production

Effective problem-solving is necessary for sustaining efficient operations and meeting quality standards in CNC production processes. CNC operators face challenges such as tooling wear, programming mistakes, or inconsistencies with the material which must be resolved quickly. Being able to provide solutions ensures that downtimes and defects are eliminated as well as to ensure that production timelines are reached. Solving problems accurately and quickly will, additionally, improve machine efficiency and help to extend the working life of the machines, guaranteeing stable production. Adopting a systematic method to find and fix issues proactively will enhance efficiency and reduce total production costs.

How is CNC technology evolving?

Advancements in CNC software and automation

Like many other fields, CNC technology has significantly advanced due to new developments in computer-aided machining, automation, and technology integration. More modern CNC systems are making use of AI and machine learning algorithms to increase the accuracy, flexibility, and efficiency of the systems. Smart CNC software, for example, is now capable of carrying out predictive analytics which enables users to anticipate machine wear, optimize the toolpath, and minimize wastage. A report in 2023 showed that over a third of productivity increases could stem from the use of AI-driven CNC software in specific applications.

A further integrating step towards CNC technology is utilizing automation alongside robotics. The inclusion of robotic arms in repetitive tasks facilitates Automated loading and unloading systems, which significantly cuts human costs. For instance, collaborative robots (cobots) are now being used alongside CNC machines to perform multi-step processes and increase output with lower safety risks.

Furthermore, the development of cloud-based CNC platforms allows manufacturers to manage and supervise machining processes virtually. This provides real-time connectedness that enhances decision-making while offering proactive maintenance opportunities to lower unplanned downtime. These innovations help further contribute to reduced accuracy, decreased production expenses, and greater environmental responsibility in manufacturing processes for many industries.

Integration of AI and machine learning in CNC operations

The infusion of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems into CNC processes is changing the dynamics of the manufacturing industry. An AI system improves CNC functions by multitasking – capturing data from the operations and further fine-tuning the machining parameters. For example, machine learning models can analyze various data and identify patterns associated with tool wear which would reduce unscheduled downtimes. A 2023 survey across the industry reported that manufacturers who used AI-based predictive maintenance were able to cut down costs by 20-40% and at the same time increase the reliability of equipment maintained.

Moreover, AI allows the automation of complex decisions, which makes adaptive machining possible. AI models can analyze big data sets and suggest appropriate changes to cutting speeds, feed rates, and tool paths for an improvement in the quality of parts and utilization of materials. For instance, some new AI-powered CNC systems can independently develop strategies for the processes which leads to improved production performance by as much as 25% compared with standard methods during the machining cycle.

AI and ML also play a significant role in quality management in CNC-operation processes. Machine learning-based vision systems can recognize midrange machining defects with submicronic precision and initiate self-correction in real time. Research indicates that AI-enhanced quality control systems can increase defect detection rates by over 90%, which is much more accurate than manual inspection.

The development in the CNC machine processes has also been supported by the emergence of AI-enabled digital twins. A digital twin is a virtual model of a machine and its operation, which allows an engineer to test and perfect the machine without any physical costs. The technique has improved the cost of prototypes by 50 percent and reduced the time to bring products to market.

In the end, as noted in the case study previously, the combination of AI, ML, and CNC technologies is revolutionizing manufacturing industries through superior accuracy, efficiency, and reduced costs. The companies embracing these changes have a strong competitive edge in the automation-dominated international marketplace.

Future trends in CNC manufacturing

The growth of CNC manufacturing persists due to emerging technologies and innovation. The integration of IoT (Internet of Things) within CNC systems is one of the most notable trends. Unlike their traditional counterparts, IoT-enabled CNC machines can communicate with each other in real-time. This feature provides operators with intelligence on machine performance, predictive maintenance, and energy consumption. It has been reported that predictive maintenance using IoT can decrease downtime by up to 30%, guaranteeing optimal machine availability and productivity.

Furthermore, the growth of 5-axis CNC machining is improving accuracy and expanding flexibility in ways that have never been done before. Considering that it can machine complex geometries in a single setup, the 5-axis machining method is becoming standard for sophisticated industries, like aerospace and medical device manufacturing. Between 2023 and 2030, it is estimated that these machines will maintain a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 6%. This is in line with the growing demand for them.

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is on the way to merging with CNC technology to produce hybrid manufacturing structures. These structures employ additive manufacturing for fast prototyping and CNC machining to put the finishing touches on the piece, thus providing a cheap and efficient solution. Industry sources suggest that hybrid systems can reduce manufacturing time by up to 50 percent for low-volume or highly customized components.

Moreover, new developments in materials science are opening new doors for CNC machining. More available high-strength alloys, composites, and ceramics require an equally good machine to be built that can cut as accurately and last long enough. Many industries, especially defense and renewable energy, are predicted to invest heavily in these capabilities.

Lastly, sustainability is beginning to creep into CNC machining practices. From AI algorithms that design efficient, low-waste toolpaths to energy-saving machinery, the shift to modern greener manufacturing is happening. Studies have shown that AI-enhanced manufacturing processes may decrease operational energy consumption by 20 percent to help meet the global goal of carbon-neutral production. Such factors are changing the norms of CNC machining and creating a foundation for the most effective, environmentally friendly, and adaptable methods of production around the globe.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is CNC machining, and what is it used for?

A: CNC machining is a type of manufacturing process where tools and machines are controlled by a computer program. A modern CNC machine works by using a programmer, who inputs a series of instructions, also known as G-code, into the machine. This G-code controls the movements of the cutting tools and tells them how to cut various workpieces, which are commonly made of plastic and metal. The process of CNC machining starts after a computer-aided design (CAD) is made, which is later converted into specific machine instructions for production.

Q: What are the main benefits of CNC machining?

A: Increased precision, consistency, and efficiency in the production of machine parts are the major advantages of CNC machining. Because CNC machinery can perform intricate tasks without any assistance, CNC machining lowers the chances of human error and can function for long periods, which boosts productivity. Moreover, CNC machining can replicate parts easily and make design changes quickly without a lot of extra work, as well as make complex shapes that are hard or impossible to do with manual machining.

Q: What products can be produced by CNC machining?

A: Machined parts using CNC technology are utilized across various sectors. The products of CNC machined include parts of an airplane, automobile components, medical equipment, electronic device cases, and specialized models. The flexibility of CNC technology in machining allows it to fabricate both simple and intricate parts from different materials, and hence it is a critical technology in the fabrication industry.

Q: What are the different kinds of CNC machines?

A: CNC types of machines are of different kinds because each one is intended for a different type of work. Typical CNC equipment includes milling machines, lathe machines, routers, grinding machines, and plasma cutting machines. More recent machines that accept input from a computer, such as new models of CNC machines, include 5-axis machining centers, and multitasking machines which integrate turning and milling. These machines each have a unique process particular to the industry.

Q: In what manner is the process of CNC machining accomplished?

A: The work for CNC machining starts with a CAD model of the part to be machined. After the CAD model is created, it is processed through CAM software which generates a G-code for the model. The G-code contains information about the position of the cutting tool, spindle speed, and feed rate. The CNC system receives this information in the so-called G-code format, and using the machine tool, it positions the workpiece and cuts or forms it according to the programmed commands.

Q: What is G-code and why is it relevant in CNC machining?

A: A G-code is a programming language for CNC machines. The term “g-code” stems from the fact that most commands start with the letter G. It indicates whether the machine should do a rapid move, controlled feed move, or arc movement. G-code dictates the motion of the tool, the speed of the spindle, and other functions of the machine. Its importance lies in the fact that it converts the computer-aided design file into CNC machine-specific instructions for part fabrication.

Q: In what ways has CNC technology transformed the manufacturing industry?

A: CNC technology has transformed manufacturing by enhancing precision, efficiency, and the level of automation of the production process. It allows for the manufacturing of very intricate parts that would have been next to impossible to create in the past or would have been extremely complicated to produce. CNC machining has also cut down on costs and time associated with production, increased the quality consistency of parts, as well as, allowed for easier and more flexible changes in a design. This technology laid the foundation for other sophisticated manufacturing processes such as 3D printing, and has been fundamental in the realization of the Industry 4.0 paradigm.

Q: What is the distinction between CNC milling and CNC turning?

A: CNC milling and CNC turning are two styles of CNC machining. CNC milling employs the use of revolving cutters on a rotating spindle to cut away parts from a stationary workpiece. It is familiar with complex contours on many different planes. In contrast, CNC turning uses the workpiece as a rotating element that is brought into contact with a fixed cutting tool. This method is mainly used for the production of cylindrical components and also doesbore, thread, face, and some other operations. Both processes are crucial in CNC machining and are frequently used together to manufacture more detailed parts.

Q: What steps do CNC machining systems take to keep everything precise and accurate?

A: CNC machining systems ensure precision and accuracy through several means. First, and foremost, CNC machines use highly accurate motors and positioning systems to move the cutting tools relative to the stock. The computer control unit interprets the G-code with extreme precision, allowing for movements as small as 0.001 inches or less. Many CNC machines, or at least more advanced models, come with built-in measurement systems that allow for the feedback from the machining process to be monitored, and adjustments to be made throughout the process. Lastly, regular calibration and maintenance of CNC machinery are also important so that high levels of accuracy and precision are retained during the last stages of the machining process.

Reference Sources

1. A Framework for The Security and Trust Protection of Open CNC Production Lines Operations

• By Zeyang Dong et al
• Published On: 2022, November 25

Overview:

• The paper develops a security framework for open CNC production lines considering the cybersecurity challenges that stem from the information technology-industry integration.

Important Considerations:

• The framework uses trusted computing 3.0 and defense-in-depth terminology.
  The framework proposes a tri-element peer architecture for two-way authentication with access devices and the platform.
  An active immunity scheme is developed to ensure source trust and secure connections for heterogeneous equipment devices in the production line.

Approach:

• The authors structure the characteristics and cybersecurity issues of open CNC production lines to formulate a framework that balances the supply of information security and openness (Dong et al., 2022, pp. 6481–6486).

2. Tapping Tool Life Evaluation in Vertical CNC Milling Center of the CNC Production Center. 

• By: S. Infant Joel and others.
• Published on: June 1, 2018

Abstract: 

• This paper analyzes tapping tools used in CNC production centers using the relationships between operational performance and tool parameters.

Major Findings: 

• Different tapping tools were evaluated and it was found that some of the tools had great production rates as well as tool life.
• Moreover, it was discovered during the examinations that the rough surface of the workpiece affected the tapping tools’ performance.

Research Design: 

• The work possessed an experimental nature aimed at the analysis of particular tapping tools’ efficiency under defined conditions concerning the production index and tool index (Joel et al, 2018).

3. Cloud Integration for Real-Time Surveillance of CNC Machines Production Data

• Authors: Prathima B A et Al
• Published on: January 28, 2020

Summary:

• This paper describes a model that makes use of electronic devices to collect real-time data from CNC machines to improve smart manufacturing practices.

Key Findings:

• The model allows for the tracking of production output, rejected parts due to quality problems, and machine idle time. This model also proposes more informed decision-making in real-time operational management.
• Furthermore, it suggests the necessity of data on IoT from the shop floor to the managerial level for prudent decision-making.

Methodology:

• The data collection methodology was designed as a closed loop, meaning it employs operator participation along with electronic devices for accurate production data collection (A et al., 2020, pp. 142-158).