Taiwan vs China Manufacturing: Is Taiwan’s Quality Better than Mainland China?

Manufacturing is always a controversial topic regarding quality, innovation, and efficiency. This is particularly true for Taiwan and Mainland China, which have emerged as global leaders in the field. Both companies and end-users of products have to make the tough decision on which region to buy products from. Do these products come from Taiwan, where the perception is that anything produced here is of good quality or are there more market-related issues at hand? The objective of this article is to analyze the contrasting features of Taiwan and Mainland China’s manufacturing industries in terms of their production processes, technologies, and prestige. The insights provided will help decision-makers put this critical issue into perspective and form sound conclusions.

What are the key differences between manufacturing in Taiwan and China?

Main Differences When Comparing Manufacturing in Taiwan and China

• Quality of Production: Taiwanese manufacturers’ output is considered one of the best because of the precision and quality control. Chinese manufacturers are also capable of high production standards. However, they serve a wider market which requires them to vary quality levels depending on client needs.
• Technological Innovations: Taiwan leads the world in advanced technologies, in particular the manufacture of semiconductors and electronics. China is fast improving, but its focus on the mass production of goods leaves it lacking in innovation compared to China’s industrial output in various sectors.
• Taiwanese Infrastructure and Supply Chain: China has a wider network of supply chains and better infrastructure which leads to efficient mass production and relatively quick service. Taiwan is smaller but specializes in high-skill, high-value-added services which they are good at.
• Renowned Industries: Taiwanese products are known to be reliable and novel, especially in the niche markets of precision machinery and electronics. On the other hand, Chinese manufacturers have a reputation for fast and cost-effective production making them suitable in highly competitive industries.

How does Taiwan’s manufacturing quality compare to mainland China?

Taiwan excels in China when it comes to maintaining the quality precision, innovation, and durability of manufacturing products. Taiwanese manufacturers concentrate more on specialized and high-quality electronics, semiconductors, and precision machinery, while in Taiwan, there is a greater focus on achieving lower production costs and high quantities which resort to lower standards of quality. When it comes to valuable goods, Taiwan thrusts superior quality, while China focuses on price, therefore making it fit for big projects.

What industries excel in Taiwan’s manufacturing sector?

Taiwan’s core manufacturing sectors such as electronics, semiconductors, and precision machinery, boast of international standards. The island country is well known for its leading semiconductor production, soucing its leadership from TSMC’s neck-breaking competition in the global chip-making industry. Also, Taiwan has become one of the largest producers of electronics, including laptops, smartphones, and their components. Precision machinery engineering also pulls its weight because of elevated levels of engineering and creativity. With high-quality specialized manufacturing, these industry sectors fortify the reputation of Taiwan.

How do labor costs differ between Taiwan and China?

Taiwan and China have large distinctions in labor costs which stem from differing degrees of economic development, minimum wage policies, and workforce characteristics. The most recent reports suggest that the average monthly earnings in Taiwan are so high, at around USD 1,500 to USD 1,600, compared with China’s average of USD 800 to USD 1,100 depending on regions. Major cities such as Shanghai and Beijing do pay higher salaries due to the cost of living in urban centers, but still,l Taiwan’s national wage is higher than those regions.

One factor here is that Taiwan has a more advanced economy and emphasis is placed on skilled labor-intensive industries which pay more. On the other hand, China has a more developed economy and diversified having large, lower-waged employment sectors. Also, there are more protective and strict labor laws in Taiwan compared to China, which increases the cost of labor.

These discrepancies influence regions like industry manufacturing. China is still the most popular choice for inexpensive production because of the economy of scale and low wages, while Taiwan is often selected for specialized precision manufacturing because of relatively higher-skilled workers and better-developed technology. This difference illustrates the economic and strategic trade-offs that businesses have to make about labor costs and productivity in the two areas.

Why is Taiwan considered a high-quality manufacturing hub?

What factors contribute to Taiwan’s reputation for better quality products?

Taiwan’s reputation for producing high-quality goods stems from the following reasons:

• Skilled Workforce – Taiwan has an aged and well-educated workforce, especially in engineering and technology, which ensures accuracy and quality in the manufacturing processes.
• Advanced Technological Infrastructure – The country has state-of-the-art facilities and machinery that enable the manufacture of intricate and highly sophisticated products, particularly in the semiconductor and electronics sectors.
• Commitment to Quality Standards – Taiwanese manufacturers comply with rigorous international quality control measures, which improves confidence in their products.
• Strong Innovation Ecosystem – Partnerships among research institutions, the government, and private companies drive innovation, leading to new product designs and manufacturing strategies that fulfill international needs.

All these factors combined place Taiwan in a favorable position as a leading hub for high-quality manufacturing.

How does Taiwan’s quality control process differ from China’s?

Taiwan places a higher emphasis on accuracy, uniformity, as well as international benchmark comparison in its quality control processes, unlike China. Taiwanese manufacturers focus on smaller production lots and stringent inspections for every manufacturing stage. This permits increased quality assurance and quicker discovery of problem areas. Furthermore, Taiwan’s quality control processes are shaped by the relationships formed with global industries which guarantee compliance with strict export regulations. In comparison, China often emphasizes large quantity production at lower costs which results in deficient quality control standards among different manufacturers.

What role does Taiwan’s advanced manufacturing play in product quality?

The emphasis on innovation in Taiwan enables the manufacture of durable and high-performance goods of international standards. Taiwan’s advanced manufacturing possesses critical engineering capabilities along with stringent QC systems to ensure precision technology is of the highest level. In addition, the combination of automation and highly skilled personnel helps reduce defects as well as enhance consistency and quality in international markets.

How does Taiwan’s supply chain compare to mainland China’s?

What advantages does Taiwan’s supply chain offer over China’s?

Focusing on Advanced Industrial Technology

The world recognizes Taiwan’s supply chain as one of the best sources of high-tech products, notably semiconductors. Firms like TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company), which controls 58% of the global semiconductor market as of 2023, assert Taiwan’s dominance in the industry. Such a high level of specialization makes Taiwan essential to the creation of some of the world’s most advanced technologies.

Remarkably High Standards of Quality

Unlike most manufacturers worldwide, Taiwanese producers focus on quality as opposed to quantity. Stringent quality control processes along with international standards, like ISO certification, guarantee the production of goods that are efficient and have a long life span. This is very important for electronics, medical devices, optics, and other industries.

Reduction of the Risk of Innovation Piracy 

Taiwan’s strict IP regulation allows the island to be more innovative than China, where IP theft is commonplace. This makes it much easier for international companies to work with Taiwanese suppliers when developing branded goods as they are assured of protecting their intellectual property.

Reduction of Risk of Geopolitical Conflicts

Unlike other countries, Taiwan has more favorable trade relations with various Western nations. They are perceived to have less bias making them more trusting, which is why international corporations have started to shift their focus from China as a supplier. This is also due to the increasing political tension in the area.

Effective Proximity to Ports and Logistics

Taiwan’s developed geographic location and logistics system gives access to shipping ports with minimum transport costs and time. This enables the global industries to support Taiwan’s JIT manufacturing framework.

Advanced Labor and Workforce

Taiwanese people are well-educated and possess advanced skills in technical and engineering fields owing to the government’s focus on educational investment and training, particularly in R&D-intensive and advanced manufacturing domains.

Green manufacturing and sustainability focus

Taiwan’s adoption of green energy and environmentally friendly production methods has further strengthened the ethical and sustainable supply chain practices that Taiwan has previously been known for.

Multinational Diversification

Taiwan’s diversified and specialized industries can guarantee stability. This ranges from high technology such as semiconductors and electronics to mid-technology like precision machinery and biotechnology, as opposed to China’s highly focused and volume-based low-cost approach to production.

Taiwan’s supply chain system presents itself as a more competitive and reliable alternative to mainland China by providing these impressive advantages.

How has Taiwan’s industrial development influenced its supply chain efficiency?

By concentrating on advanced, high-value industries and sophisticated technologies, Taiwan was able to enhance the efficiency of its supply chain through industrial development. The country currently leads the globe in the manufacturing of semiconductors, producing over 60% of the world’s chips as well as 90% of the most advanced sub-10 nanometer semiconductors. This dominance has catalyzed robust infrastructure, seamless logistics, and strong vertical integration within the supply chain which ensures Taiwan’s dependable power and control over the world’s semiconductor supply.

Taiwan’s transition towards Industry 4.0 is yet another contributing factor to the optimization of its manufacturing processes. Automation, AI, and IoT usage allow for real-time data retrieval, monitoring, predictive maintenance, and decision making which in turn decreases production delay and waste. For example, TSMC, the largest contract manufacturer of semiconductors, has adopted smart manufacturing systems that automate processes without supervision while continuously creating new ways to improve productivity and quality assurance.

In addition, Taiwan’s approach places a strong emphasis on supplier collaboration and diversity to reinforce resiliency against potential disruptions. This is possible due to the concentration of industries, like the Hsinchu Science Park, which specializes in electronics as it creates integration at every level of the supply chain, ranging from raw material suppliers to manufacturers. This increased concentration reduces lead time while ensuring rapid innovation cycles.

With the implementation of its “5+2 Industrial Innovation Plan” and other policies, Taiwan has been incorporating sustainable and high-growth industries into its supply chain. This, along with the country’s extensive trade relations, illustrates the role that industrial development has played in Taiwan’s competitiveness and flexibility for global supply chains.

What impact do Taiwan-China relations have on global supply chains?

Taiwan and China have strained relations, but due to their economically integrated existence, Taiwan’s role in key sectors, such as semiconductor manufacturing, makes Taiwan-China relations impactful to global supply chains. Taiwan’s semiconductor industry, headed by TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company), leads the world by supplying over 60% of the total semiconductors and nearly 90% of the most advanced chips. If Taiwan suffers from production bottlenecks, industries around the world that depend on these components will be impacted, such as electronics, automotive, and aerospace, which are all highly integrated.

Taiwan and China’s conflict-ridden relations further complicate the already fragile supply chain network by adding geopolitical risks and uncertainty. For example, in recent times, tensions on military exercises and hostile political speech have made the world aware of the risks involved when too much reliance is put on one region. Because of these tensions, national governments and multinational firms are shifting toward diversification approaches like lowering offshoring or looking for alternate centers of production, as a way to reduce risk exposure.

In addition, the application of trade barriers or tariffs could hinder cross-strait trade, which may disrupt the movement of important goods and parts. Evidence suggests that certain burdened supply chains are already experiencing higher costs along with longer product lead times for many multinational corporations. This relationship illustrates the need to mitigate the concentration of supply chains with geopolitical risks which requires countries and firms to be agile in a changing global trade environment.

Is “Made in Taiwan” better than “Made in China”?

How do consumers perceive products made in Taiwan vs. China?

The perception of Taiwanese and Chinese products among consumers is shaped by a complex set of relationships, including quality, price, branding, and even the geopolitical landscape. Taiwan is perceived to have a marketing edge over China because of its greater investment in branding and advertising, especially in sectors such as semiconductors, electronics, and precision machinery. For instance, Taiwan is home to leading global technology firms like Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), which reinforces its high-tech image.

In contrast, Chinese products are thought to be cheaper but come with the baggage of being lower quality, particularly for markets that are quality-conscious and place a premium on brand loyalty. Nonetheless, China’s manufacturing capabilities have greatly improved, as evidenced by the production of high-end goods such as smartphones, electric vehicles, and advanced machinery, all branded under Huawei, Xiaomi, and BYD.

A Statista report showed that 62% of Western consumers considered Taiwanese goods to be of very good quality compared to 45% for Chinese goods. Furthermore, political context has to be factored in as well; products from Taiwan stand to gain from being perceived to come from a democratic state while products from China have to deal with questions around ethical manufacturing and issues of policy theft.

In the end, the buyer’s choice is dependent on the context; Taiwanese products often outperform in markets where quality and technological advancements are essential, whereas Chinese products still dominate where economic pricing and volume are the key factors.

What industries benefit most from choosing Taiwanese manufacturers?

Choosing Taiwanese manufacturers positively benefits a broad range of industries, such as electronics, precision machinery, and semiconductors. Taiwan is famous for its manufactured products and provides unique services in the production of electronic components, including circuit boards, chips, and displays. Taiwan’s high technology and sophisticated infrastructure support the growth of the semiconductor industry. Further, precision machinery suppliers gain from Taiwan’s innovative and quality-driven focus from Taiwan that results in dependable and competent production for international markets. These considerations justify Taiwan’s growing popularity as a base for sophisticated technology businesses that want accuracy in quality.

Are there any downsides to choosing Taiwan over mainland China for manufacturing?

Despite Taiwan’s considerable benefits, there are certainly some drawbacks to look into when selecting Taiwan over mainland China for manufacturing purposes. One issue that stands out to me is the relatively high operational and labor expenses in Taiwan. In addition, the relatively smaller domestic market of Taiwan would not be as attractive for growing a business compared to China. Finally, the region’s geopolitical friction may, from time to time, jeopardize long-term stability, which firms will have to analyze depending on their particular business objectives.

How does Taiwan’s semiconductor industry impact global manufacturing?

Why is Taiwan considered the world’s largest and most advanced semiconductor producer?

The presence of world-class firms such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) has enabled Taiwan to dominate the semiconductor industry. TSMC, for instance, had a staggering 56.2% of the global semiconductor foundry market in 2023. With modern fabrication plants and advanced process technologies, Taiwan has positioned itself at the forefront of chipmaking, boasting of 3nm and 5nm nodes state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities. These nodes are essential for powering high-performance devices such as smartphones, computers, and artificial intelligence systems.

Furthermore, the country’s emphasis on talent development with the cooperation of government and academia has produced a skilled workforce specialized in semiconductor engineering and research. Taiwan also possesses a competitive advantage through its extensive supply chain of semiconductors, which includes raw materials, equipment, and packaging services.

Taiwan’s geographical position relative to major technology centers in Asia guarantees expedient delivery to important markets such as China, South Korea, and Japan. Coupled with the nation’s production capabilities, these logistical assets reinforce Taiwan’s role as a crucial participant in worldwide manufacturing. With all these factors, there is little doubt that Taiwan leads the globe in semiconductor production and can satisfy the soaring need for chips from different industries.

How does Taiwan’s semiconductor industry affect other manufacturing sectors?

Taiwan influences the different manufacturing sectors across the world with its semiconductor industry by providing vital elements needed for sophisticated technologies. Semiconductors form the core of electronic devices which include automobiles, telecommunications, consumer electronics, and industrial machinery. A good example will be the automotive industry which has been dependent on sophisticated chips for electric vehicles (EVs), driverless cars, and infotainment systems. The automotive industry has had challenges with production slowdowns and supply shortages came because of slow production due to semiconductor constraints.

Similarly, in telecommunications, 5 G-powered semiconductors enable quicker and more dependable connectivity which is important for digital transformation. Taiwan’s semiconductor manufacturers enable leading companies in the consumer electronics industry such as Apple, and Samsung, to rely heavily on flag products like smartphones, tablets, and laptops.

TSMC, Taiwan’s Semiconductor Manufacturing Company is known throughout the world. From the latest stats released, TSMC has over 50% market share alone in the chip foundry services. This gives Taiwan a monopoly position, which allows controlling Taiwan to be a technological superpower. Taiwan is also expected to benefit from the global market revenue projection of $1 trillion by 2030 from the semiconductor industry because of the need from various sectors to enable Taiwan innovations in production capabilities.

While Taiwan’s dominance offers benefits, it is clear that there are drawbacks. Events like natural disasters or geopolitical strife can derail supply chains, which in turn, affects manufacturing schedules and economic productivity around the world. Because of that, foreign countries and companies are trying to construct new supply chains and boost their local production of semiconductors, but these efforts take years to master the scale and expertise that Taiwan initially had.

What are the pros and cons of choosing Taiwan as a manufacturing alternative to mainland China?

How does Taiwan’s business environment compare to China’s in the World Bank’s Doing Business report?

Taiwan has consistently ranked high in the World Bank Doing Business Report because of its responsive government, business-oriented environment, and regulatory efficiency. Taiwan excels in other items listed such as enforcing contracts, protecting minority investors, resolving insolvencies, and having few risks and problems domestically. These attributes add up to the overall favorable business climate which is advantageous to foreign investors, especially multinational enterprises.

However, China has been improving its rank over the years but still faces great challenges with complex regulations, a high lack of transparency, and a tremendous amount of time to start a business and get construction permits. Still, their large market, advanced infrastructure, and heavy investor-friendly policies are great advantages compared to Taiwan.

For instance, Taiwan’s ranking in the 2020 Doing Business report is 15th. Other noted strengths included favorable tax payment systems, electricity access, and efficient cross-border trading. On the other hand, China ranking 31st still shows great improvement in starting a business and enforcing contracts but fails to catch up to Taiwan’s realtion to regulatory processes and property registration.

While both areas offer distinct opportunities, Taiwan appears to be more appealing due to its less complicated bureaucracy and better investor protection laws. However, for businesses focusing on market opportunities and growth, China offers a larger consumer base along with government incentive programs, despite their efficiency hindering regulations.

What challenges might companies face when shifting production from China to Taiwan?

Relocating manufacturing from China to Taiwan brings forth some challenges including:

1. Increased Labor Costs: Taiwan’s labor cost, on average, is steeper than China’s which will ultimately inflate the cost of production for these companies.
2. Scarce Labor Supply: The labor market in Taiwan is limited, especially in specific sectors, which may pose problems for rapid business growth.
3. Land and Infrastructure Limitations: Taiwan’s geographical scope is too small, resulting in an industrial land and manufacturing space shortage, which drives up the price.
4. Reconfiguration of Supply Chain: Companies may experience interruptions as they realign supply systems with Taiwan’s infrastructure and local vendors, which may not match the capacity or cost efficiency found in China.
5. Diverging Regulations: Companies have to familiarize themselves with Taiwan’s laws which are more regulatory as compared to China’s making them more cumbersome in some aspects.

How do geopolitical factors influence the decision to manufacture in Taiwan vs. China?

Political issues are important when Taiwan and China are considered for manufacturing hubs. One such issue is the escalated conflict between China and some global superpowers like the US. There have been new tariffs, limitations on imports and exports, and even sanctions on certain economic sectors, which mismatches the revenue and operational activities of firms producing goods in China which compounds the risks of running a business there. Furthermore, some Western countries’ “decoupling” strategies are forcing companies to change their business models and shift away from dependency on China.

Meanwhile, Taiwan has been able to leverage its strong relations with the US and the West. For example, some legislative actions in the US, like the CHIPS and Science Act, are chasing investment opportunities in semiconductor production and more so advanced technology in Taiwan. Taiwan is strategically positioned for chip manufacturing as it hosts top producers like TSMC. A 2023 sector study indicated that Taiwan held over sixty percent of the global semiconductor manufacturing market, which highlights the country’s strategic importance in the advanced technology industries.

Another aspect is the disruption of supply chains as a result of international relations clashes. Taiwan’s geographical position next to China as well as its political status means that there are risks associated with manufacturing in Taiwan, particularly with Beijing’s control over mainland China. Analysts have raised concerns regarding possible conflicts within the Taiwan Strait that may lead to unfavorable conditions for the stability and security of production and transport routes. These risks need to be analyzed and factored into the long-term operational strategy.

Computers and other modern technologies are also changing international trade policies, partnerships, and agreements. Taiwan being accepted into the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity suggests an increase in global acceptance which is advantageous for cooperation-friendly manufacturing environments. On the other hand, China’s unprecedented position in the global manufacturing world together with its developed infrastructure makes it very attractive for businesses, if only they manage to deal with the negative impacts of constantly changing geopolitics.

Dealing with such geopolitics in consideration usually makes devising a multi-national business strategy more difficult, but essential at the same time.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Is it a manufacturing industry?

A: Taiwan’s relationship with China is both complex and interconnected. Importantly, this relationship creates challenges in the manufacturing industry. Thanks to its political relationships, Taiwan is often considered a leader in international trade within the high-tech industries. A large number of Taiwanese companies operate in China. They benefit from China’s very cheap and efficient infrastructure. Most Taiwanese corporations maintain manufacturing plants in Taiwan to support advanced products.

Q: Do Taiwan-manufactured products “Made in Taiwan” have a better quality than those “Made in China?”

A: The statement does not hold for all cases, but products “Made in Taiwan” as compared to those “Made in China” are, many times, regarded as superior. Taiwan has put its concentration into developing and making high-quality products, especially in electronics and precision tooling. Nevertheless, there has been some advancement in the manufacturing of mainland China, so in many industries, the quality gap is diminishing.

Q: How does Taiwan’s economy compare to China’s when it comes to manufacturing?

A: Taiwan’s economy, while trailing behind that of China, has certain more developed areas of manufacturing. It’s important to note that Taiwan has a higher ranking than mainland China on several economic indicators, like GDP per capita. For example, Taiwanese companies are recognized for their high-tech manufacturing capabilities, such as TSMC, which is a frontrunner in semiconductor manufacturing. Nevertheless, China’s vast size and growth enable it to dominate manufacturing in many industries.

Q: Which region produces higher-quality tools, Taiwan or mainland China?

A: In general, tools produced in Taiwan are considered to be of better quality than those produced in mainland China. Taiwan has always been known for its skilled production of precision tools and machinery. That said, China does seem to be improving at an incredible rate, and some manufacturers are producing quality tools. However, the notion that Taiwan is superior in providing quality tools seems to exist with a lot of people even to this day.

Q: In what ways do tariffs and trade policies influence the manufacturing competition of Taiwan and China?

A: I believe tariffs and trade policies influence the competition between Taiwan and China. The recent escalating trade war between China and America caused certain firms to relocate their manufacturing facilities to Taiwan to evade tariffs on Chinese imports, which has benefitted certain areas of Taiwan’s manufacturing sector. On the other hand, Taiwan is also affected by its difficult international position along with China’s global trade policy.

Q: Are there good products available from Taiwan and mainland China?

A: Yes, good products from Taiwan and mainland China are available. Taiwan is renowned for its high-quality manufacturing, especially in electronics and precision tools. In recent years, China has improved its manufacturing and many global brands are producing quality goods there. The trick is to look at individual suppliers and factories instead of making generalizations based on countries. There are high-quality products available in China, one just needs an open mind and needs to conduct research.  ‘Find My China’ is a brilliant platform that removes the hassle of looking for factories alone.

Q: How does Taiwan compete with China’s huge manufacturing base?

A: Taiwan competes with China’s huge manufacturing base by concentrating on high-value, advanced technology products. China may be the leader in mass-produced consumer goods, but Taiwan is certainly among the pioneers in specialized high-tech manufacturing. Taiwanese firms are more quality-driven than quantity-driven as they invest in more sophisticated manufacturing processes and innovations. This approach enabled Taiwan to secure a strong position within global supply chains, specifically in semiconductors, precision machinery, and fabless industries.

Reference Sources

1. A Comparative Study of Hong Kong and Taiwan on Economic Development during Oil Crisis

• Author: Zhekai Zhu
• Published: 13th December 2023
• Summary: This research paper focuses on the economic effects of the 1970’s oil shocks on Taiwan and Hong Kong. The findings suggest that Taiwan’s economy had a moderate decrease due to the oil shock, while Hong Kong suffered from a more severe recession which came after the rest of the world had already gone through economic turmoil. Taiwan’s strong import substitution industry is said to be responsible for its resilience, whereas Hong Kong’s finance and real estate economy overstabilized in a volatile manner. The author argues that the local economy can be stabilized with the retention of high-value-added manufacturing services.
• Methodology: The research is based on a comparative case study of Hong Kong and Taiwan’s industrial structures and development patterns through the oil shocks(Zhu, 2023).

2. Drivers and Customer Satisfaction Outcomes of CSR in Supply Chains in Different Institutional Contexts: A Case Study of China and Taiwan

• Author/s: R. Jean, Zhiqiang Wang, Xiande Zhao, R. Sinkovics
• Published Date: June 08, 2016.
• Summary: This study looks at the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives within supply chains on customer satisfaction in Taiwan and China. It is noted that CSR influences customer satisfaction in both areas, but CSR drivers are different. In China, CSR is driven by regulatory and efficiency forces, whereas in Taiwan competitive edge serves as the main driving force.
• Methodology: The researchers collected data from manufacturing factories in both countries and conducted partial least squares analysis to test the relationships (Jean et al., 2016, pp. 514–529)

3. A Comparison Study of Manufacturing Industry In Taiwan And China: Managers’ Views On The Environment, Capability, Strategy, And Performance

• Authors: Wen-Shinn Low, S. Cheng
• Published: January 1, 2006
• Summary: This article evaluates managers’ views of the manufacturing settings and the environment, processes, strategies, and outcomes of Taiwan and China. It underscores notable contrasts as to how managers across the regions perceive their environment and the determinants of their performance.
• Methodology: This research examines the relationship between the industrial environment and performance based on survey data from the fastener industry (Low & Cheng, 2006, pp. 19–38).

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