Removing White Oxidation from Aluminum: The Ultimate Guide to Restoring Shine

Aluminium is a material that is strong and versatile and used in appliances like kitchen tools and automotive parts. However, the contact with the surroundings will deposit a white powdery substance called oxidation on its surface, diminishing its appearance and brightness. Making it look as good as new may appear hard, but you will have your metallic shine back if done right. This ultimate guide will help you successfully remove the white oxidation film and preserve the integrity of your aluminum surfaces. Whether you are a professional looking for that smooth look or an expert who wants his stuff refreshed, this complete guide has everything needed to bring Aluminum back to its original state.

What causes white oxidation on aluminum surfaces?

The principal cause of white oxidation on aluminum surfaces is a chemical reaction called aluminum oxide formation. It occurs when aluminum comes into contact with oxygen, especially in the presence of wetness or high moisture content. The product of this reaction is a whitish, chalky film that acts as a protective barrier but may gradually affect the aesthetics of the material. Accelerating factors for this process are environmental aspects like saltwater exposure, air pollution, and improper maintenance. Recognizing these causes will enable one to control corrosion properly.

Understanding the oxidation process

For one to comprehend the process of oxidation, it’s essential to know that it occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen in its surroundings, which is often hastened by dampness. As a result, an oxide layer is always formed on the material surface through this chemical reaction. When oxidized too much, structural weakness occurs and changes appearance. To reduce oxidation and prolong the durability of materials, preventive measures like applying protective coatings or restricting exposure to harsh environmental conditions are crucial.

Types of aluminum corrosion

Metal aluminum is very corrosion-resistant because it usually gets covered by a thin natural oxide film; however, it can also change in some atmospheres. It is necessary to know these forms to choose appropriate preventive measures.

Pitting Corrosion

Among the causes of pitting is the loss of the protective oxide layer on aluminum surfaces due to chloride ions found in seawater, for example, and other industrial atmospheres. Such points may eventually develop into pits that may threaten the ability of devices to bear loads. The literature shows that pitting takes place at a much faster rate under high salt content or when pH levels are acidic; hence, there is a need for closer monitoring in such environments.

Galvanic Corrosion

When exposed to an electrolyte—a noble metal, e.g., copper or stainless steel, can cause galvanic corrosion. The result is a rapid corrosion process of aluminum due to its participation as the anode during electrochemical reactions. According to research findings, this type of corrosion could be effectively mitigated by means of isolation between dissimilar metals through insulation barriers or coatings.

The intergranular corrosion

This kind of corrosion usually occurs at the grain boundaries in aluminum alloys due to a high amount of impurities or specific alloying elements. Internally, this form of corrosion weakens the material even though the surface does not show any damage. To mitigate this risk, precise alloy design and heat treatment should be used on high-strength aluminum alloys such as those employed in aerospace applications.

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)

This occurs when aluminum is exposed to corrosive environments and subjected to tensile stress like humid climates or chloride exposure. In turn, this leads to the formation of cracks that spread and potentially cause structural failure. The selection of appropriate alloys and the use of stress relief methods during production significantly reduce the susceptibility to SCC. According to data, a more than 50% reduction in SCC probability results from minimizing residual stresses within components.

Erosion Corrosion

This type of corrosion happens when aluminum surfaces come into contact with rapidly flowing fluids or abrasive particles. Abrasion removes protective oxide film fostered by mechanical action, increasing material wastage rate. Aluminum heat exchangers and piping systems are particularly prone to it. The utilization of techniques like anodizing can improve resistance against erosion-corrosion.

Filiform Corrosion

This kind of corrosion originates under the protective coat (like paint or sealants) because water vapor infiltrates it. It forms thread-like lines under the covering and is most commonly found in moist conditions. Research shows that employing good coatings with rigid application procedures significantly lessens filiform corrosion.

Knowing these corrosion types and taking preventive measures will help increase the durability and reliability of aluminum structures and components.

Factors that accelerate oxidation

In metals, particularly aluminum, oxidation is a chemical reaction that can be highly influenced by different environmental and material-related factors. These are the main causes of fast oxidation:

High moisture concentration

Increased humidity levels result in more atmospheric water molecules, forming hydroxyl ions. These ions play a significant part in an electrochemical process that causes oxidation. Research findings show that aluminum samples exposed to environments with relative humidity above 60% exhibit faster oxide layer growth rates.

Temperature fluctuations

Temperature variations lead to thermal expansion and contraction, producing micro-cracks within protective oxide layers. Such cracks expose oxygen and moisture onto the metal surface, causing it to oxidize more quickly. Research shows that for every 10°C increase in temperature, the reaction rate doubles according to Arrhenius’s principle of reaction kinetics.

Exposure to Pollutants

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂), Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and chlorides are examples of air pollutants that act as catalysts in oxidation reactions. For example, salt-laden areas close to coastal regions have chloride ions penetrating through the protective oxide layer, thereby leading to localized pitting corrosion at an increased rate.

Conditions in which electrolytes are found

Electrolyte solutions such as saline water and acid increase the electrochemical pathways needed for oxidation. This is particularly harmful in industrial areas where there is often exposure to acid rain or chemical spills.

Metal’s Surface State

On the other hand, rough or unprocessed surfaces provide more surface areas for metal to interact with oxygen, moisture, and pollutants. Polished ones have lower exposed places, causing slower oxidation rates. Based on forecasting models, it has been determined that surface treatments like anodization can lead to a 50% reduction in oxidation as compared to untreated metallic surfaces.

Understanding these factors is essential when designing effective preventative strategies, e.g., using corrosion-resistant coatings, controlling environmental exposures, or installing sacrificial anodes for galvanic systems. Such measures can significantly slow down oxidations and prolong the life span of materials used in various applications.

How do we identify white oxidation on aluminum?

Visual signs of aluminum oxidation

Typically, white oxidation on aluminum is indicated by a powdery matter that is dull gray or white. The discoloration of the metal’s surface occurs due to forming a natural layer called aluminum oxide, which develops when oxygen comes into contact with the aluminum in it. These areas may seem chalky or uneven to the touch, especially with high humidity levels and saltwater exposure. The easiest way for someone to identify this kind of oxidation is through visual examination targeting moisture-exposed parts and those exposed to corrosive elements.

Differentiating between oxidation and other forms of corrosion

Corrosion is a type of oxidation in which an element reacts with oxygen to produce, for example, a thin shield like aluminum oxide on aluminum. This could also happen when corrosion occurs between two dissimilar metals within an electrolyte; the process is called galvanic corrosion, which causes the degradation of materials. Some forms of corrosion, such as pitting or crevice corrosion, are usually localized and aggressive, unlike oxidation, which may retard further deterioration because of the layer formed. It is important to identify the particular type(s) of corrosion before deciding on which preventive measure/treatment to implement.

What are the most effective methods to remove oxidation from aluminum?

Using household items for light oxidation

Using household items to eliminate minor oxidation from aluminum:

• Surface cleaning: To remove dirt and grease, you should start by washing the aluminum surface with some soapy warm water. Wipe it dry.
• White vinegar is used for effective aluminum surface cleaning and protection applications. Mix equal parts of white vinegar and water. Gently rub the solution over oxidized areas using a soft cloth or sponge.
• Baking Soda Paste: Make a paste by mixing baking soda with a small quantity of water. Apply this to the aluminum and lightly scrub using a non-abrasive pad or brush with soft bristles.
• Rinse and Dry: Completely rinse out any residue by thoroughly washing your aluminum in clean water, then allow it to air-dry so that no more oxidation occurs.

These processes are essential, efficient, and appropriate for removing small-scale, home-based oxides.

Commercial aluminum cleaners for heavy oxidation

Commercial aluminum cleaners are formulated specifically for cases of severe corrosion and to restore heavily oxidized surfaces. These products can contain highly effective cleaning agents like acid-based or alkaline-based components that degrade oxidation layers while preserving the metal’s integrity. Phosphoric acid-based cleaners and non-abrasive ones are the most common types.

Phosphoric acid-based cleaners such as Aluma-Brite are excellent rejuvenators for metals subjected to harsh weather conditions or chemical surroundings. They reach deep and dissolve out oxidation, effectively cleaning truck bodies, marine equipment, building walls, etc.

Non-abrasive aluminum cleaners like Star Brite’s Aluminum Cleaner take into account safe use without compromising their performance as cleaning agents. They will suit household purposes requiring clean utensils, dining tables, or decorative hoardings. What distinguishes these types of aluminum cleaners is their simplicity in application since no complicated apparatus is needed; besides, they often comprise anti-corrosion substances that shield aluminum from future rusting.

When choosing a commercial aluminum cleaner, it is vital to consider the type of aluminum being treated, the degree of oxidization, and environmental concerns, as some solutions may be good for biodegrading sewage systems. Furthermore, following manufacturer instructions is vital for achieving maximum results and maintaining materials’ integrity.

Mechanical removal techniques

Physical abrasion involves mechanical removal techniques for aluminum oxidation, eliminating the oxide layer and re-establish the original surface. Sanding, grinding, and blasting help address different oxidation extents.

1. Sanding- When removing some oxidized layer, sandpapers or abrasive pads are used mechanically or manually using elbow grease. A heavy grit (e.g., 80-120) can be employed for severe oxidation, while finer ones (e.g., 220-400) should be utilized for finishing to achieve smooth surfaces. According to industry data, if proper surface preparation techniques are implemented alongside sanding, up to 90% of surface oxidation may be reversed.
2. Grinding: Grinders with abrasive wheels have an advantage in significant oxidation or industrial usage. Such tools as aluminum oxide grinding discs perfectly serve this purpose; they provide accuracy and fastness. However, unskilled use may lead to accidental gouging or damage to the substrate during this process.
3. Blasting: Techniques like soda or bead blasting involve propelling abrasive particles onto the aluminum surface at high velocity. Soda blasting uses sodium bicarbonate for thinner components or decorative items as a gentler approach. On the other hand, for bead blasting, glass beads are used to effect more aggressive oxide removal. Depending on the pressure and media used, up to 98% oxidation removal can be achieved on heavily corroded components.

In mechanical applications, it is essential to consider things such as the thickness of the aluminum, oxidation severity, and component use. For this reason, post-treatment should have protective coatings applied to minimize re-oxidation. Furthermore, safety measures such as wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), including gloves, eyewear, and respiratory masks, remain significant in curbing exposure risks from airborne particles resulting from these procedures.

How do you clean oxidized aluminum with everyday household products?

Vinegar and lemon juice solution method

To deal with the process of cleaning oxidized aluminum, it is advisable to mix vinegar and lemon juice. Both substances contain mild acids that can easily break down the oxide layer without affecting the aluminum surface. So, to create this solution, you should take equal measurements of white vinegar and freshly squeezed lemon juice inside a non-reactive container. The resultant pH ranges from 2 to 3, enough to raise oxidation.

The best way to apply this solution on oxidized aluminum involves using a soft cloth or sponge. Let the mixture stay for about five to ten minutes to go deep into and lose the oxidation. After some time, gently scrub the area with a gentle abrasive pad or brush with soft bristles to avoid harm on the aluminum. Then rinse away all these solutions carefully with warm water and dry off using clean microfibre towels before leaving it open for other reactions leading to further oxidation.

This technique is especially effective in cleaning things such as cookware, outside furniture, and decoration. Besides, it is low cost and easily available due to the commonity of vinegar and lemons in households. The process might have to be repeated for heavily oxidized surfaces to reach the desired outcomes. Regular use of this solution will help maintain aluminum’s natural shine and durability.

Baking soda paste technique

To describe an aluminum oxide using a baking soda solution, I make a dense mixture by adding just a little water to the baking soda as it becomes thick. Then, I take a piece of cloth or sponge and distribute this paste evenly over the surface where oxidation occurs. After 5-10 minutes of oxidation that allows for significant declines, I gently scrub the area with a non-scratching pad or brush. Once the object has been freed from its rust, one should wash it down with hot water thoroughly and immediately dry it with microfiber cloth so it can be shiny again and not oxidize further. Also, this process is effective, safe, and user-friendly.

Cream of tartar approach

The cream of tartar approach is scientifically effective for addressing aluminum oxidation because it uses the acidity of potassium bitartrate, also known as cream of tartar, to attack and dissolve the oxide layer. For best results using this method, make a paste by combining two parts of cream of tartar with one part of distilled vinegar. Distilled vinegar consists mainly of acetic acid, which is normally 5-8%, increasing its cleaning efficiency through increased acidic reaction.

Apply the paste onto the oxidized aluminum surface using a soft applicator that does not abrade, such as a sponge or microfiber cloth. Leave it still for ten to fifteen minutes so that it can go deeper to loosen oxide molecules. Studies have shown that extended periods of resting the acidic solution increase its effectiveness without any negative effects on aluminum surfaces since they are mild.

Scrub softly in circular motions with a non-abrasive pad to completely lift out oxidation. Lastly, wash the surface thoroughly with warm water, then dry immediately using a soft microfiber towel or paper towel to prevent water spots and any further reaction. Test results indicate that this method can restore up to 90% of the original aluminum shine with just one application, depending on how severe oxidation may be at that time.

What tools and materials are needed to remove heavy oxidation from aluminum?

Abrasive tools: Steel wool and wire brushes

Steel wool and wire brushes perform exceptionally well when removing heavy oxidation from aluminum surfaces, mainly where manual or mechanical abrasion is necessary. Steel wool, available in grades ranging between coarse and fine, can combat various oxidation levels. For example, coarser grades like 0 or 1 are usually utilized for severally oxidized parts, while finer ones like 0000 are meant for delicate finishing and a polished look.

However, wire brushes (which can come as handheld or drill attachable) prove most valuable for large or intricate aluminum surfaces. Wire material may differ in these tools, with stainless steel and brass being common alternatives, reducing the chances of surface damage or further corrosion. Consistent use of wire brush in even strokes is essential to allow uniform removal of the oxidized layer without leaving marks on the aluminum surface.

Some research on abrasive cleaning methods shows that when steel wool is used with the right cleaners, oxidation removal can be improved by 75%, especially for surfaces with deep pits. Reports show that wire brushes are another option; they’re able to remove tough oxidation layers through controlled pressure while at the same time preparing the metal for additional treatments such as polishing and coating. The tools on hand must be of appropriate size and compatible with the material to ensure no unintended damage and long-term preservation of aluminum’s strength and rigidity.

Chemical cleaners and polishes

Chemical products and polishes are powerful when treating aluminum surfaces, especially for removing oxidation and restoring shine. Acidic cleansers containing phosphoric or hydrofluoric acid are widely recommended because they can quickly eliminate oxidation layers. The research shows that roughly 10 minutes can take up to 90% of the surface oxidations away using these acid-based cleaners. They become highly effective in dealing with heavily oxidized areas. However, such a misuse may etch the surface or present exposure-related health hazards.

In this case, polishes are essential for enhancing the surface finish after cleaning. For example, those made of aluminum oxides or ceramics have been proven to increase reflectivity by up to 30% and enhance durability. In addition, high-performance polishes often contain more UV-protecting agents and anti-corrosion properties that protect them from future damage caused by environmental factors.

Nonetheless, to make the most of a product, you need to adhere to the manufacturer’s recommendations; for instance, using soft applicators and applying in small circular movements that could render uniform and non-striped results. In addition, it was noted that when chemical cleaners were combined with mechanical buffers, it increased efficiency, thereby reducing time spent on polishing by up to 50%, which yielded professional outcomes. At all times, adequate ventilation must be provided, and personal protective equipment (PPE) must be worn during chemical applications to meet occupational safety standards.

How do you protect aluminum from future oxidation after cleaning?

Applying protective coatings

For durability and prevention of future oxidation, it is crucial to coat aluminum. In this case, protective coatings like transparent lacquers, anodized layers, and powder coatings act as a barrier between the aluminum surface and cause corrosion, including water and oxygen. Transparent lacquers have become popular due to their ease of application while maintaining aluminum’s natural look. In contrast, anodizing processes result in more complex, more resistant covers used to prevent corrosion.

Consequently, research has shown that powder coatings, an advanced finishing technology, have better adhesion and protection than conventional liquid-based ones. It has been proven through performance tests that there was a 30% improved corrosion resistance compared with various traditional liquid coatings. Also, these can be utilized for outdoor places as they can withstand severe UV light exposure as temperatures keep changing. Before using any coating materials, it remains vital that thorough surface preparations be done so that even slight impurities cannot interfere with adherence, hence making the coating ineffective. Therefore, by adopting these precautionary steps, the aluminum parts will retain their looks because they will still be able to stand up to different environmental conditions for a long time.

Regular maintenance tips

Aluminum parts must be well maintained to prolong their life and maintain operational capability. Proper cleaning should be the first step; to prevent dirt and corrosive substances from building up on them, clean such surfaces with a soft cloth and gentle pH-neutral detergent. Avoid abrasive tools or harsh chemicals, which can create scratches or eat away at protective coatings.

Regular checks should also be carried out to look out for early signs of wear, including discoloration, pitting, or surface damage. Acting upon these early developments in the state of aluminum could retard further deterioration and reduce repair costs. When heavy outdoor exposure occurs, an alternative protective sealant can be applied, such as a periodic wax coating, to give extra protection from moisture and pollutants.

Aluminum surfaces coated with another material exposed in urban or marine environments might require washing every three months to minimize chloride and sulfate ion contamination, leading to rusting /corrosion. Additionally, ensuring sufficient drainage around aluminum components will help prevent stagnant water pooling, which, if left unattended, may eventually cause localized corrosion.

Lastly, well-lubed movable elements like hinges or joints with corrosion-free lubricants improve proper functioning and reduce mechanical wear. Following the maintenance guidelines, aluminum parts can remain durable and efficient in tough environmental situations.

When should you seek professional help for aluminum oxidation removal?

Assessing the severity of oxidation

To determine the seriousness of aluminum oxidation, it is essential to know whether or not professional intervention is required. In most cases, this starts as a thin, dull film on the surface that generally can be removed with regular cleaning procedures. However, in more serious situations of metal oxidization, one may notice corrosion pits or scaly areas on the aluminum parts. Some materials science studies have linked pitting corrosion to prolonged exposure to highly corrosive media like chloride-rich environments or pollutants.

Check the following signs of damage to establish its scope:

The discoloration of surfaces often results from aluminum oxidation or white corrosion of that metal. A uniform white or greyish film generally indicates early stages of oxidation but does not affect structural integrity.

Structural Damage: Noticeable deep pits, visible cracks, and peeling off metals are some indicators that imply a progressed form of decay that undermines materials’ soundness.

Reduced Thickness: Inspect aluminum thicknesses using calipers or ultrasonic measurement devices. A 10-20% decrease in thickness could indicate critical conditions, especially for load-bearing structures.

Monitoring tools such as SEM or spectrophotometers can be employed in industrial-grade applications better to understand the oxide layer’s composition and thickness. According to research findings, aluminum in marine industries requires frequent checks (usually every six months) to prevent severe weakening from exposure to salty water.

In extreme cases, regular maintenance may not be sufficient; hence, experts must undertake acid descaling and abrasive blasting. Timely evaluation ensures that all required measures are taken on time, thus protecting performance and safety.

Benefits of professional oxidation removal services

1. Enhanced Material Longevity: Professional oxidation removal prevents further corrosion, which substantially lengthens the duration of aluminum parts.
2. Safety Assurance: Proficient handling decreases the odds of structural failure, specifically in critical applications such as the marine and aerospace industries.
3. Precision and Effectiveness: Specific tools and methods guarantee complete elimination while avoiding harm to essential material.
4. Regulatory Compliance: Professional services commonly provide high standards and environmentally friendly practices to ascertain appropriate treatment options.
5. Cost Efficiency: Oxidation is addressed promptly, thus minimizing the expenses for repair or replacement since it is tackled before advancement is witnessed.

The engagement of professionals guarantees dependable, lasting results in maintaining and preserving aluminum.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What leads to white oxidation on aluminum?

A: White oxidation on aluminum, also known as aluminum oxide, evolves upon the reaction of metal with oxygen in air. This natural process creates a protective oxide coating over the surface of the metal, which constitutes a white powder or film.

Q: How do I remove oxidation from aluminum surfaces?

A: Several methods can be used to clean oxidation from aluminum surfaces. These include scrubbing with water and mild dish soap, using white vinegar, applying a commercial aluminum cleaner, or using a metal polish. More abrasive approaches or chemical remedies may be necessary for more challenging conditions.

Q: Can I use white vinegar to remove oxide from aluminum?

A: White vinegar is an effective natural method for removing oxide from aluminum. Its acid property breaks down oxidation. Mix equal water and white vinegar; apply it on the affected area, let it sit for 15 minutes, then scrub well and rinse off thoroughly.

Q: What is the best way to clean heavily oxidized aluminum?

A: For extremely oxidized aluminum, you might have to go further. Start by washing the surface with soap and water, then use a commercial cleaner made explicitly for aluminum or a mixture of cream of tartar and water. To remove the oxide layer mechanically, you can use fine steel wool or sandpaper on persistent oxidation. Always rinse off well at the end and apply a transparent protective coating.

Q: Can I clean aluminum oxide using baking soda?

A: Yes, baking soda can be used to clean aluminum oxide. Make a water-and-baking-soda paste; put it in place on an oxidized area; work over gently using a soft brush or cloth. This technique works particularly well for eliminating slight oxidation and dirtiness. Thoroughly cleanse after cleaning so that no residues are left behind, and it stays safe from further corroding.

Q: How can I protect aluminum from oxidation after cleaning?

A: If you clean aluminum, apply a protective coat of clear finish or a sealant made explicitly for this metal. Regular cleaning and waxing are also good ideas since they can prevent oxidation. For outdoor aluminum fittings, consider anodizing the surface. Anodization forms a more durable oxide layer that is also highly corrosion-resistant.

Q: Can oxidized aluminum engine components be restored?

A: It is possible to restore oxidized aluminum engine parts. However, they are easily damaged and need special care when handled. Use an appropriate cleaner for aluminum engines, or use white vinegar mixed with water to remove stubborn stains caused by oxidation. Avoid using anything abrasive that might damage the surfaces. Ensure all water has been expelled from any crevices in part before using it again, as moisture causes further corrosion and ‘white’ rust on the surface of aluminum parts after cleaning them.

Q: How does aluminum oxidation differ from rust?

A: Although both are corrosion types, this is not the case for aluminum oxidation and rust. When aluminum reacts with oxygen, it corrodes and forms a white powdery substance called aluminum oxide. Conversely, Rust affects iron and steel only; it forms iron oxide that looks reddish brown. Conversely, to rust, aluminum oxide protects against further corrosion of underlying metal.

Q: Can I use acidic cleaning to remove stubbornly oxidized aluminum?

A: However, one should be very careful when cleaning with acid to remove stubborn oxidation from aluminum. Acid-based cleaners containing phosphoric or sulfuric acid can effectively remove these layers of oxides, but they are dangerous, strong acids when used without caution. Always adhere strictly to the manufacturer’s instructions, wear appropriate protective equipment, and adequately rinse after cleaning to neutralize any remaining acid.

Q: How often do I need to clean off oxidation from aluminum to keep its shine?

A: The rate of cleaning oxidation from aluminum relies on how much it is exposed to the weather and its usage. In the case of outdoor aluminum fixtures or frequently used aluminum items, a regular decrease in frequency every 3-6 months is recommended for protecting the metal. For indoor ones, different use, therefore maybe only once per annum will it be necessary to clean them. Periodic maintenance, like wiping with a moist cloth and drying after exposure to water, may assist in avoiding oxide buildup while keeping luster on the aluminum.

Reference Sources

1. Author: C. K. W. Solem et al., (2023). “Effect of (5%) CO2 on the Oxidation Rate During Cooling of Industrial Aluminum White Dross”

Main Findings:

• This research investigates the oxidation behavior of aluminum white dross during the cooling process, specifically when 5% CO2 is introduced into the cooling environment.
• The findings show that CO2 prevents aluminum drosses from oxidizing at a higher rate, forming white oxides that affect aluminum surfaces.

Methods:

• In this case, researchers cooled industrial aluminum white dross under different atmospheres to measure how fast it got oxidized and compositionally analyzed the resultant dross using various analytical techniques.

2. Grinenko et al. (2024) “Geometry distortion, edge oxidation, structural changes and cut surface morphology of 100mm thick sheet product made of aluminum, copper and titanium alloys during reverse polarity plasma cutting.”

Main Content

• In his article, Grinenko discusses the impact of reverse polarity plasma cutting on different alloys such as aluminum, noting that these metals can oxidize at their edges while going through this process.
• The author suggests that controlling these cutting parameters reduces oxidation and enhances the cut surface’s quality.

Research Design

• Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness measurements, and X-ray diffraction were used on aluminum and other alloys under investigation to study structural transformations in cut surfaces after reverse polarity plasma cutting.

3. “Production of Fused Calcium Aluminate from Aluminum White Dross Residue” by Buse Polat et al. (2022)

Main results:

• This research aims to produce fused calcium aluminate by recycling aluminum white dross that generally contains oxidized aluminum.
• The paper discusses dealing with white dross properly to prevent their oxidation and recover valuable materials.

Methodology:

• For investigation purposes, the researchers carried out some experiments on the processing of aluminum white dross, whereby chemical composition was analyzed, and different process methods were evaluated in terms of their efficiency in reducing oxidation and improving recovery rates.

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